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73G\6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\xV4B1kClick to edit the notes format"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (M@' DrXX/Scientific Presentationgg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrMPu JoeMlVTDrLyLayoutDrLy Backgroun      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~dDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML DrObSVDr&lUT:&Scientific Presentation~LT~HintergrundlUTDrObSVDr&lA -Scientific Presentation~LT~HintergrundobjektelDrObSVDr&~CPNHYQA  -Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte~CPNHYQxV4B1Date: March 6, 2000-Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte6' <( (<@' A'1'+''!'''?(''''''%'S'"''DrObSVDr&|PNHQA  -Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte:PNAQxV4B1&Daniel Tomko , Mihai Christodorescu -Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte6' <( (<@' A'1'+''!'''?(''''''%'S'"''  %&DrObSVDr&&[PNlQA  -Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte&[PNlQxV4B1Slide -Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte6' <( (<@' A'1'+''!'''?(''''''%'S'"''DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldxV4B1n#Click to edit the title text format Scientific Presentation~LT~Titel<( (K@' DrObSVDr&rdL;'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 1rdL xV4B1[ %Click to edit the outline text format'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 1y<( (@'Second Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 2z<( (@'Third Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 3{<( (@'Fourth Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 4|<( (@'Fifth Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 5}<( (@'Sixth Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 6~<( (@'Seventh Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 7<( (@'Eigth Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 8<( (@'Ninth Outline Level'Scientific Presentation~LT~Gliederung 9<(  (@' DrObSVDr&GQA  -Scientific Presentation~LT~HintergrundobjekteQST(#xV4B1Active Storage Devices-Scientific Presentation~LT~Hintergrundobjekte6' <( (<@' A'1'+''!'''?(''''''%'S'"''DrXXgg e%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrMPbJoeMVTlDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML DrObSVDr&W "F/4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TitelW "F/wxV4B1bClick to move the slide Scientific Presentation~LT~Titel<( (K@'DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\xV4B1kClick to edit the notes format"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (M@' DrXXgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgbJoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrXX Handoutsgg FHome~LT~GliederungDrPg3JoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldvxV4B1aActive Storage Devices Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObSVDr&rdL9 %Scientific Presentation~LT~Untertitel[rdL<xV4B1# Active Disks%Scientific Presentation~LT~Untertitel<( (A@',+' %Scientific Presentation~LT~Untertitel<( (A@',+'Active Networks%Scientific Presentation~LT~Untertitel<( (A@',+'DrXXTitlegg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgCJoeMVTlDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\txV4B1_Click to add notes"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (M@' DrXXTitlegg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgVJoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldgxV4B1RThe Gap Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrXX&CPU - Disk GAPgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgeJoeMVTlDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~NotizenW! 73G\8xV4B12- the processor-disk performance gap is increasing"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' _- many applications access a small part of a large data set => linear prefetching does not work"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' M- there is no guarantee that the program will touch all (or most) of the data"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' &- processor - network performance gap?"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' DrXX&CPU - Disk GAPgg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg | JoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldkxV4B1V The Problem Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObSVDr& %\Q/VDrObSVDr& 4&Q/ Standardr 4&Q/SxV4B1>CPUStandard<( ( @'+'DrObSVDr&4&"M' Standard^4&"M'?xV4B1*BusStandard ( @'DrObSVDr&M%\2/ StandardbM%\2/CxV4B1.StorageStandard ( @'DrObSVDr&&;#E7$ StandardV'$d6$DrObSVDr&&;%F7& StandardW'&e6&DrObSVDr&<\#rM% Standard!==$L=$DrObSVDr&<\%sM' Standard!==&L=&DrXXDrObSVDr&,+"-  Standard,+"-exV4B1P(with reorder buffer)Standard<( (@'+'DrObSVDr&p0:&4  Standardkp0:&4LxV4B17fastStandard<( ( @'+'DrObSVDr&:&0M4  Standardx:&0M4YxV4B1Dlimited bandwidthStandard<( ( @'+'DrObSVDr& 4I Standard9:&/:&f:DrObSVDr&? ]\I Standard'9M/Mf:DrObSVDr&RO0\8  StandardRO0\8xV4B1hhighStandard<( ( @'+'latencyStandard<( ( @'+'DrObSVDr& @bpD  Standardr @bpDSxV4B1>What to do? What to do?Standard ( @'DrObSVDr&_ 'I StandardQ/~:DrObSVDr&TN kI Standard62\/\_:DrXX# The Problemgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg1JoeMVTlDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/DrObSVDr&! 73GI]6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen#! 73GI] xV4B1 - the CPU is fast"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' +- the bus allows limited bandwidth transfer"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' 6- the storage device has high latency in random access"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - doodle about active network"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - storage = server"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - CPU = client"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - bus = internet w/ routers"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - variable bandwidth (known or"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' unpredictable)"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' DrXX# The Problemgg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldlxV4B1W One Solution Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObSVDr& :h  Standardu :hVxV4B1AMove the code to the data.Standard ( @'DrObSVDr& 6; Standard 6;TP ;,;,62/0162/6  DrObSVDr&.o1k6; Standard.o1k6;KG.;k6;k66k6o1Q03.7.;DrObSVDr&$"/&  Standardb$"/&CxV4B1.ProgramStandard ( @'DrObSVDr&L=;9A Standard^>;@?xV4B1*CPUStandard ( @'DrObSVDr&|EL=e9A Standardi|E>e@JxV4B15Active StorageStandard ( @'DrOb$SVDr&''edL Standard*k6z6LKz6U8U>DrCn$DrCn$;(#LDrOb#SVDr& BZhJ  Standard BZhJxV4B1EProcessing closer to the data will reduce the amount of data to carryStandard ( @' over the bus.Standard ( @'DrXX$ One Solutiongg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgLJoeMVTlDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen>! 73G\xV4B1Move processing closer to data."Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' Expand for network"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' DrXX$ One Solutiongg i%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgcJoeMlVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldqxV4B1\A Formal Approach Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObG SVDr& bvK  Standard bvK xV4B1 Given:Standard<( (L@' a program PStandardg*<( (N@' 1 n nodes with various computation characteristicsStandardg*<( (N@'4(some nodes can do fast I/O, some nodes can performStandardg*<( (N@' computations really fast, etc.)Standardg*<( (N@'Standardg*<( (N@'4Split Enhanced ( P ) into P1, P2, ..., Pn such that:Standardg*<( (N@'1'  ')()(Result ( P1 N ... 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Standard*?8 ?8M8M8DrCn$DrCn$;(#xiZDrObSVDr&0{#|Bj'  Standardr0{#|Bj'SxV4B1> Active DiskStandard<( (;@''DrObSVDr&(2J4? Standard(2J4?xV4B1qLocalStandard<( (;@'+''CPUStandard<( (;@'+''DrObSVDr&(@)<F Standards(@)<FTxV4B1? Local MemoryStandard<( (;@''DrOb. E3D1&9j,De; Standard!DrOb}E3D1&9j,De; Standard+DrXX@@@???@o@@@@@p@@@@@@@@@@@@p@@@@@@@@@o@@@?@o@@@@@p@@@@@@@@@@@@p@@@@@@@@@o@@@??DrXX@@@???_3Ey?3Ey?3Ey?3Ey?3Ey?3Ey?f@TV???f@G37???f@rP cifit???f@rP cifit???f@???f@???f@  ???f@*g?ffffff\5>@?@YA @9j,De;-%#(h-%#(h-%#(h@-%#(h@Y@Y@>@QY@4?DrObSVDr& >+#lG  Standardr >+#lGSxV4B1> Main MemoryStandard<( (;@''DrObSVDr&J"%B $C Standard+#C+#CDrCn$ DrCn$ ;IDrObSVDr&J" $C Standard+#C+#DrCn$ DrCn#;(#xiIDrObSVDr&L!.aj(  StandardrL!.aj(SxV4B1> Active DiskStandard<( (;@''DrObSVDr&Lz/Ba6  StandardrLz/Ba6SxV4B1> Active DiskStandard<( (;@''DrOb#SVDr&M`d% Standard*.a$)c$)c0cDrCn$ DrCn#;PFZDrOb#SVDr&a`3 Standard*Ba3ze3zezeDrCn$DrCn# ;"PFZDrObSVDr&&UC(]~/  Standardj&UC(]~/KxV4B16...Standard<( (;@''DrXXgg ]%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg>JoeMVTlDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/ DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 !"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\xV4B1r"Refresh: definition of active disk"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' "Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - disk has local CPU, memory, OS"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' - multiple active disks"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (H@' DrXXgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgZJoeMlVTDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldlxV4B1W Active Disks Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObSVDr& ]hbM  Standard ]hbMu xV4B1L 9Motivation (By Example): Database Nearest Neighbor SearchStandard<( (L@''Standard<( (L@''DGoal: Find the k records that are closest to the given input record.Standard<( (L@''DStandard<( (L@''lIt has been shown that a search of every record is as efficient as building extensive indices [Berchtold97].Standardg*<( (N@''lStandard<( (L@''Passive Disk Solution: The algorithm runs on the CPU and requests that each block of the database be read and sent over the bus for processing.Standard<( (L@''Standard<( (L@'' Problems:Standard<( (L@'' )Many disk reads are on the critical path.Standardg*<( (O@'')+Consumes considerable bandwidth on the bus.Standardg*<( (O@''+DrXXgg ]%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg%JoeMVTlDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/ DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 !"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\txV4B1_Click to add notes"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (M@' DrXXgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPgBJoeMlVTDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~TiteldyxV4B1dActive Disks - Motivation Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObVSVDr& %i*P  Standard %i*P xV4B1 GActive Disk Solution: Start a process on each disk's CPU to perform theStandard<( (;@''jscan, and send only the records that satisfy the query over the bus. 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(resource constraints)Standardg*<( (=@''Standardg*<( (>@''-In general, active disks are applicable when:Standard<( (;@''Standard<( (;@''#parallelism between multiple disks.Standardg*<( (=@','small amount of state data.Standardg*<( (=@','>small number of instructions per byte of data to be processed.Standardg*<( (=@','Standard<( (;@''DrXXgg ]%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg%JoeMVTlDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&W "F/DrObSVDr&! 73G\6 !"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen! 73G\txV4B1_Click to add notes"Scientific Presentation~LT~Notizen<( (M@' DrXXgg a%Scientific Presentation~LT~GliederungDrPg  JoeMlVTDrLyLayoutDrLy BackgroundDrLy!Background objectsDrLyControlsDrLyDimension LinesDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&d4 Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeld{xV4B1fActive Disks - Formal Model Scientific Presentation~LT~Titeln<( (K@'DrObSVDr&| v  Standards| vTxV4B1? 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